Tuesday, Jan 15 Lecture 3: OCEAN DYNAMICS - HOW THEY WORK, & WHY WE CARE - JRD

Carbon-Nitrogen Budgets, Ocean Acidification, Climate Change - Past, Present and Future Risks and Uncertainties.

•  Introduction to Ocean Sciences by Douglas A. Segar, (On-line version) Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics and Evolution of the Ocean Floor (p. 59-88); 
  
• Ocean Currents and Climate Change - a video synthesis.... Visualizing Ocean Currents and Eddies in a High-Resolution Global Ocean-Climate Models - this is a must watch.... more than once!
• Recent Information on Climate Change Concerns in the USA. Spend time (an hour?) on this website (see options) educating yourself on the kinds of data provided by NOAA. NOTE: due to government shutdown, these materials are not being hosted. We recommend using a tool like Google Cache View or Wayback Machine
•  Doney, S.C. et al., 2012, Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems; Annual Reviews of Marine Science, 4:11-37. 
•  Neuer, Susanne, M. Iversen, and G. Fischer, 2014,The Ocean’s Biological Carbon Pump as part of the Global carbon Cycle. ( A Slide Show) Limnology Oceanography. E-Lectures; doi:10.4319.lol.2014.snewer.miversen.gfishcher.
• Demystifying Ocean Acidification and Biodiversity Impacts - California Academy of Sciences 2014. Why are the oceans becoming more acidic and how does that threaten biodiversity?   Human activities produce excessive Carbon Dioxide and much of it is absorbed by the oceans, where it is converted to an acid.

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Thursday, Jan 17  Lecture 4: EARLY MIGRATIONS, EXPLORATIONS, & DISCOVERIES - JRD

Humans in Australia > 40,000 BCE, Egyptians, Sea People, Phoenicians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and the Mediterranean as “Mare Nostrum”. Arab, Chinese, Portuguese: “Riding the Monsoon”; Pirates Everywhere; Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

The Sea and Civilization, Lincoln Paine, 2013, Knopf. You will read one chapter based on your last name:

• Chapter 3: Bronze Age Seafaring (p. 57-78). LAST NAME A-G
•  Chapter 4: Phoenicians, Greeks and the Mediterranean (p 79-106). LAST NAME H-Ma
•  Chapter 9: Northern Europe Through the Viking Age (p. 229-261). LAST NAME Mc-Se
• Chapter 13: The Golden Age of Maritime Asia (p. 346-375). LAST NAME Sh-Z

Zheng He: 7 Voyages 1405-1433 (Ming Dynasty)- to Indian Ocean/Africa.(On-line version) Chinese Naval History

Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power, 2011, Robert D. Kaplan, Random House, Part 1, Chapter 1: China Expands Vertically, India Horizontally. (p. 1-17)

Tuesday, Jan 22 - Lecture 5  HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF SEA-GOING TRADE, PIRACY, AND WARFARE - JRD 

Brief readings (mostly Wikipedia and short articles). Required:

• ‍Early Naval Warfare in the Mediterranean and beyond largely set the tone for other naval engagements partly because the Med was often surrounded by powerful kingdoms that vied for dominance often. One of the earliest known engagements took place about 1210 BCE in which Suppiluliuma II, of the Hittites defeated a fleet of ships from the island of Cyprus. The Egyptians defeated the Sea Peoples in a crucial sea battle in about 1175 BCE triggering a Late Bronze Age collapse in the eastern Med of trading relationships that lasted until about 900 BCE.
• ‍Ancient Maritime History
• ‍Indian Ocean Trade Routes - Connected SE Asia, Arabia, India, and East Africa
• ‍In 1405, however, the Yongle Emperor of China's new Ming Dynasty sent out the first of seven expeditions to visit all of the empire's major trading partners around the Indian Ocean.  The Ming treasure ships under Admiral Zheng He traveled all the way to East Africa, bring back emissaries and trade goods from across the region.  Long before Europeans "discovered" the Indian Ocean, traders from Arabia, Gujarat, and other coastal areas used triangle-sailed ships to harness the seasonal monsoon winds.
• ‍Archaeology of a Piracy
• ‍Greek Fire development and use - First developed about 672 CE; used by Byzantines to fight off the Arabs for many years in Mediterranean Sea
• And the History of Gun Powder played a crucial role in determining winners and losers in Sea Battles

More extensive readings from The Sea and Civilization, Lincoln Paine, 2013, Knopf (optional). Must use your UW account to access:

• Chapter 12: The Medieval Mediterranean and Europe; 
• Chapter 15: The Birth of Global Trade; 
• Chapter 19: Naval Power in Steam and Steel.

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Thursday, Jan 24 Lecture 5:  ART OF THE SEA: MUSIC, POETRY, PAINTINGS, AND BEYOND - JRD

 Walt Whitman's poetry in LEAVES OF GRASS - Subsection SEA DRIFT - scroll toward the bottom of the page to the entry "Song for All Seas, All Ships". Read this poem. It stimulated the renowned composer Ralph Vaughn Williams (Greensleeves, and Lark Ascending) to compose a powerful orchestral-vocal piece entitled Sea Symphony.  Listen/watch this YouTube presentation of the early portions of A Sea Symphony... Inspired by the sea, Whitman wrote an ensemble of poems, one of which generated a novel musical approach the Ocean, which in the video is matched by famous paintings of the Sea.

Eric Otto provides a challenging discussion ("Sea Drifting Toward Unification") by analyzing Whitman's words in the sea-oriented portion of Leaves of Grass.

Check out the Poetry Page on the VISIONS05 website for the TGThompson Research Cruise in 2005- a cruise in the NE Pacific during which we used a Remotely Operated Vehicle (tethered submersible) to stream live HD Video, for the first time, around the world from the active hydrothermal systems on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Choose one poem to bring to class for discussion.

Claude Debussy - LA MER  - Consists of three symphonic sketches: 1)"From Dawn to Mid-day on the Sea", 2) "Play of Waves", 3) "Dialogue of Wind and the Sea" - Become familiar with the differences among these sketches - be able to discuss them in class. Consider the background Debussy.

B. Smetana-You must listen to this stunning symphonic poem - The Moldau , (Czech: Vltava) by Bohemian composer Bedřich Smetana that evokes the flow of the Vltava River—or, in German, the Moldau—from its source in the mountains of the Bohemian Forest, through the Czech countryside, to the city of Prague. A devoutly patriotic work, The Moldau captures in music Smetana’s love of his homeland. Completed in 1874 and first performed the following year, the piece constitutes the second movement of a six-movement suite, Má vlast (My Country), which premiered in its entirety in Prague on November 5, 1882. It represents a beautiful rendering of the flow of a small stream, then a river toward the ultimate ocean.

Victory at Sea - the Main Theme: by Richard Rogers - Original Composer and Robert Russell Bennett - Conductor-Composer - - a musical dramatization of role of Sea Power in winning the Second World War, mainly in the Pacific against the Japanese. It was very popular in the 1950's. Wikipedia covers much of the background of this major production, touching on the history, dramatic musical backdrop, and the movie/video involved. This documentary television series comprises an ensemble of 26, annotated, half-hour movies of the same name, first broadcast by NBC in 1952-1953. An typical example of one piece involves old WW II war film footage presented in a purposefully dramatic voice-over with its distinctive musical score, leading to the conclusion that Americans reversed the momentum of the Pacific Naval Conflict by winning the Battle of Midway.

JAPANESE ART OF THE SEA - MATSUO BASHO

HOKUSAI'S MOST FAMOUS -THIRTY-SIX VIEWS OF MOUNT FUJI- UNDER THE WAVE OFF KANAGAWA - 

Paintings created by artists of the Minoan Civilization on the Island of Crete in the Late Bronze Age depict exquisite images of stylized boats in common use in the eastern Mediterranean.

Winslow Homer painted a famous scene entitled The Gulf Stream showing a black man on a dismasted small boat surrounded by threatening waves and sharks with a storm and a schooner in the distance representing either destruction or salvation.

The Ninth Wave by Ivan Aivazovsky captures the struggle to survive against the force of the sea. The title refers to a common seaman's expression meaning a single wave larger than the others. In the painting, the wave threatens to annihilate the tiny people clinging to their makeshift vessel.

Spotify playlist of music inspired by the sea

Assignment: Search the internet for a painting, a poem, and a piece of music, related to the ocean or the sea, that appeals to you and bring it to the class to share on January 24.

Tuesday, Jan 29 Lecture 7 - POLLUTION, OCEANS, AND HUMAN HEALTH

Required reading: review paper from 2006 on the connection between the oceans and human health. This is a scientific article, but as a review it is not particularly technical and should be comprehensible even for non-scientists.

• Fleming et al., 2006

Also required: The Report of the Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme (late in 2017) describes the challenges posed by global polution, outlines current efforts to address pollution and suggest 50 actions to tackle the problem. "For too long, the relationship between prosperity and environment has been seen as a trade-off. Tackling pollution was equated to imposing costs on industry and curbing economic growth. Global trends are demonstratig that this is no longer the case..."

• "TOWARDS A POLLUTION FREE PLANET" 

THE ABOVE TWO READINGS WILL FORM THE BASIS OF TUESDAY'S CLASS

Additional Resources (optional):

• Roger Payne on Pollution, Whales, and Us (video): What do whales have to do with pollution? How is pouring DDT down your sink connected to pollution in the ocean and in your body? In this talk from TEDxBeaconStreet Roger Payne, the co-discoverer of the whale song and MacArthur genius award winner, tells how pollution transfers through mammals, from generation to generation. Having led over 100 expeditions to every ocean and studied every species of large whale in the wild, Payne tells us that pollution is the biggest problem faced by whales. With more than one billion people depending on seafood as their primary source of animal protein, it's very much our problem too. Do you consider yourself an apex predator? You may after hearing this talk. In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event.
• Article and website exploration on Ocean-Health Index   An excellent summary of issues and a short video narrated by Harrison Ford on our ocean at a tipping point.
• Critically endangered whales sing like birds; new recordings hint at rebound (w/ audio) When a University of Washington researcher listened to the audio picked up by a recording device that spent a year in the icy waters off the east coast of Greenland, she was stunned at what she heard: whales singing a remarkable variety of songs nearly constantly for five wintertime months. (July 31, 2012)
• THIS PSYCHEDELIC NASA VIDEO SHOWS HOW CO2 SPREADS IN THE ATMOSPHERE - The data comes from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) Satellite which was launched in 2014 to measure atmospheric CO2 at the regional scale. The observations-which cover one year, Sept 2014 to Sept 2015, were combined witih high resolution weather model to give an unprecidented 4D view. A stunning visualization.  

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Thursday, Jan 31 Lecture 8:  PROJECTION OF SEA POWER - DEFENSE AND OFFENSE [2] Chuck McGuire

Recognizing Patterns, The Importance of a Vigorous Idea Flux in the successful evolution of a global society.

Special Guest: Commander Charles McGuire, USN Ret, Graduate of Annapolis, Executive Officer on a Nuclear Submarine, and Chief Systems Engineer on Construction and Operations of the OOI Cabled Ocean Network off Washington-Oregon.

PLEASE BE SURE TO READ CHAPTER 9 OF THISE BELOW REFERENCE: the recent book by Admiral James Stavridis, USN, (Ret.) entitled "Sea Power - The History and Geopolitics of the World's Oceans" published in 2017. Review the Admiral's 2012 TED Talk. For an interview, see NPR.org

• The last chaper (9, "America and the Oceans") of Stavridis' book lays out a naval strategy for the twenty-first century

Additional resources:

• The Battle of Trafalgar, Bennett, G., Barnsley (2004). ISBN 1-84415-107-7 
• The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660–1783, Mahan, A.T., Cosimo, Inc., 2007. Digital edition available through Project Gutenberg
• Asia’s Calderon - the South China Sea and the End of a Stable Pacific, Robert. D. Kaplan, Random House, 2015, Chapter 1: The Humanist Dilemma (pp. 1-31) 
• Handbook of 19th century naval warfare, Tucker, S. T., Naval Institute Press, 2000 
• The Law of Naval Operations, Robertson, H. B., Naval War College Press, 1991. Full text available through archive.org

Tuesday, Feb 5  Lecture 9 , GLOBAL NETWORKING-CABLES, SATELLITES, MONEY, & TRADE - JRD

NOTE ABOUT THE READINGS: required reading materials are the all-caps headers (e.g. "SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE"). Additional linked materials are Wikipedia links in case you need additional background.

SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE - The first submarine communications cables, laid in the 1850s, carried telegraphy traffic. Subsequent generations of cables carried telephone traffic, then data communications traffic. Modern cables use optical fiber technology to carry digital data, which includes telephone, Internet and private data traffic.

BELOW: A cross section of the shore-end of a modern submarine communications cable. 1 – Polyethylene 2 – Mylar tape 3 – Stranded steel wires 4 – Aluminium water barrier 5 – Polycarbonate 6 – Copper or aluminium tube 7 – Petroleum jelly 8 – Optical fibers

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SATELLITE AND FIBER OPTICS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS? -  Historically, satellites have not been a competitor to fiber in telecommunications, and were only used where fiber simply didn’t exist. This was known as “gap fillers”, which is simply where the satellite was used to fill the gaps in the coverage areas that did not yet have access to fiber/cable.

GLOBAL INFORMATION ECONOMY MADE POSSIBLE BY NETWORK OF UNDERSEA CABLES - In the last 25 years, there has been a stunning growth in undersea cables because of the communications revolution triggered by the internet. Undersea cables account for 95% of the world’s international voice and data traffic (Military, Government, Emergency Response, Air Traffic Control, Subway, Rail, and Port Traffic). Financial markets utilize undersea cables to transfer trillions of dollars every day.

THE CABLED OBSERVATORY OFF WA-OR AS CONSTRUCTED - This lecture recaps the four earlier lectures, then describes in detail the 84 days at sea in the summer of 2014, during which most of the deployment of all remaining equipment and cabling of the NSF-supported Undersea Cabled Ocean Observatory took place on the various legs of the journey. Through the use of detailed animations the entire undersea operation can be viewed. Dr. Delaney describes the features of numerous equipment packages and indicated that 98 percent of the Cable Observatory is operational and returning data to shore in real-time. Dr Delaney weaves music, art, and undersea imagery to enhance the storytelling. You can explore the extent of the Ocean Observatories Initiative here.

Additional cabled observatories (optional, for your interest): ALOHA (Oahu, HI), MARS (Monteray Bay, CA), NEPTUNE (Vancouver Island, B.C.), ESONET (E.U.)

(Optional) The future of realtime seafloor observation? SMART Cables aim to integrate sensor packages into pre-existing nodes in ocean-bottom telecommunications cables.

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Thursday, Feb 7  Lecture 10 - GLOBAL COMMERCE- SHIPPING, PORTS, ENVIRO-IMPACTS [3]

Our Visitor: Mr. Steve Sewell , has decades of experience using, managing and operating port facilities like Seattle. He will be visiting our GO-HC class today to discuss his sense of how modern ports remain competitive, and operate in a world where one must balance both the economic issues and the environmental issues, will remaining competitive in a global marketplace.

• Malcom Brown TED Talk - animated cartoon
• REAR VISION: By Keri Phillips, August 2014 : How container shipping changed the world through globalization
• "Expert says West Coast port disruption worse than 2002 lockout" - April 23, 2015  From American Shipper web site.   Bad shipper experience could result in long-term cargo diversion, according to port economist John Martin
• POLLUTION: Three steps to a green shipping Industry - April 19, 2016 It is time to crack down on the emission and destructive development caused by vast container vessels that pollute air and seas. Recent updates on sulfur oxides in fuels here and here.
• How Container Shipping could reinvent itself for the Digital Age - Oct 2017 Report A fully autonomous transport chain will extend from loading, stowage, and sailing to unloading directly onto autonomous trains and trucks, with last-mile deliveries by drones. See also: article on automation and the tradeoff between pollution and jobs
• SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING IS MAKING WAVES - Aug 2014 The shipping industry is responsible for 3% of greenhouse gas emissions and has traditionally used cheap, polluting fuel, but new standards in the industry are forcing it to clean up its act.
• PUGET SOUND ENERGY - AN LNG FACILITY Puget Sound Energy is building a Liquified Natural Gas (LGN) Facility at the Port of Tacoma. The project website is here: project website.
• The latest on local efforts to build LNG and methanol shipping terminals
• Port of Seattle/Tacoma clean truck program
• The future of over-land container shipping: the Hyperloop
• Growing threat to shipping and the economy: recent cyber-attack on Cosco

Ocean Link Northwest: storytelling to engage the public with issues of ocean health. Developed by UW Communication Leadership students.

DIRE STRAITS: STRATEGICALLY-SIGNIFICANT INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS IN A WARMING WORLD by Adam Goldstein and Constantine Samaras (June 2017) Global Marine chokepoints have been critical geographies throughout history. The changing geostratigic landscape of the future and the role of climate in accelerating those changes means that these straits will likely remain key points of interest and power. The global community can reduce tensions in these chokepoints by undertaking investments and initiative that increase resiliencey to disruptions to food, energy and water systems in a warming world. Disasters in one region can have global cascading impacts. Loss of a major passage could create a major international disaster.

Video: A vision for the future of autonomous shipping by Rolls-Royce. See more details on their plans for ship intellegence on their website.

Tuesday, Feb 12 Lecture 11 - HAZARDS: EQ’S, TSUNAMIS, HURRICANES, MAN-MADE DISASTERS

NOTE: This lecture is being moved to Thursday 2/14.

Required:

• The Really Big One - (2015) An article by Kathryn Schulz; The New Yorker
• Orphan Tsunami Podcast
• Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories Seismological Research Letters  Volume 76, No. 2, 2005
• 2018 Anchorage Earthquake - the USGS puts out some extremely high quality reports on major earthquakes
• How to Prepare for an Earthquake - FEMA document outlining what you should do before, during, and after a major earthquake.
• Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present, and Future: Read Preface and Introduction by  Richard J Murnane (2013)
• Indonesian Volcanoes-- Toba (75,000 year ago)-- Tambora (1815), -- Krakatau (1883);  -- Agung (1963),  -- Merapi (Active)
• Report on the aftermath of the Anak Krakatau eruption (December, 2018)
• 2018 Kilauea Eruption - also by the USGS. You do not need to read exhaustively, but explore.

Recommended:

• Early Warning Cascadia Offshore System workshop report (April 3-5, 2017). This is a large document, but I encourage you to read the Executive Summary, Introduction, Workshop Objectives and Overview, Major Findings, and Recommendations & Future Steps. Also peruse the project's website.
• Japan's Dense Ocean Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis: DONET
• Additional references for Indonesian Volcanic Hazard

Optional:

• The Orphan Tsunami of 1700: Japanese Clues to a Parent Earthquake in North America (2005). Brian Atwater, USGS
• Video compilation of Tsunami Imagery from Tohuku Event, Japan, March 11, 2011
• 50 Hurricane Facts 
• Hurricanes: Engines of Destruction 

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Thursday, Feb 14  Lecture 12 - OCEAN RESOURCES - FISHING, OIL, GAS, MINERALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY

NOTE: This lecture is being moved to Thursday 2/21. You are still expected to complete the online assignment for this material by 11:59pm Wednesday 2/13.

Required:

• INVESTING IN SUSTAINABLE OCEANS AND FISHERIES - (2013) This article from Huffington Post lays out in straightforward language the issues, and has a number of valuable hyper-links to related issues...Worth the time to review.
• HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN HELP KEEP OCEAN FISHERIES SUSTAINABLE - (2017) Cameras mounted on fishing boats combined with advanced machine learning can help better monitor legal and illegal catches, advocates argue.
• OIL AND GAS IN THE OCEAN-INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY - (2016) The aim of this paper is to analyze the current international regulation of exploration and exploitation of gas and oil in the ocean in order to provide legal recommendations to preserve marine biodiversity and to prevent climate change in oceans.
• DEEP SEA MINING - THE BASICS  - (2017) The deepest parts of the world’s ocean feature ecosystems found nowhere else on Earth. They provide habitats for multitudes of species, many yet to be named. In these vast, lightless regions are also found deposits of valuable minerals in rich concentrations. Deep sea extraction technologies may soon develop to the point where exploration of seabed minerals can give way to active exploitation.

Recommended:

• A NEW WAVE OF OCEAN RENEWABLES HARNESSES THE POWER OF THE OCEAN -  (2017) While wind was gusting and solar shone over the last three decades, wave and tidal power made only a small splash. Now they could be the new wave in renewables, as ocean energy projects are being floated globally.

Optional:

• THE STORY OF ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA - (2017) The story of Atlantic bluefin Tuna is one of Intrigue, filled with international drama, mafia connections, and plot twists worthy of a movie. The main character - Thunnus Thynnus - is the largest and most athletic tuna, which can grow to the size of a small car and travel nearly as fast as one also. They are also warm blooded.
• HOW OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION BENEFITS THE ECONOMY AND THE ENVIRONMENT - (2009) Conventional wisdom holds that offshore oil and gas production harms the surrounding environment. This blanket "wisdom" ignores the fact that the largest source of marine hydrocarbon pollution is offshore natural oil seepage.
• MINING ENZYMES FROM EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS - (2007) Advances in metagenomics have revolutionized the research in fields of microbial ecology and biotechnology, enabling not only a glimpse into the uncultured microbial population and mechanistic understanding of possible biogeochemical cycles and lifestyles of extreme organisms but also the high-throughput discovery of new enzymes for industrial bioconversions.

Tuesday, Feb 19 Lecture 13 - OCEAN AND LEISURE

**Why our brains love the ocean: Science explains what draws humans to the sea Wallace J. Nichols, 2014 

This is the sole reading for this meeting, but much of the class period will be devoted to moving forward with the Student Class Projects. Please come to class prepared to synthsize your project for each of the other students to hear and respond.

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Thursday, Feb 21 Lecture 14 - OCEAN RESOURCES - FISHING, OIL, GAS, MINERALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY

Makeup lecture. See the material from week 6.

Tuesday, Feb 26 Lecture 15 - LAW OF THE SEA: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE [5]

How Well-Governed Could Ocean Space Be? Principal of the “High Seas”, Costs of Piracy, Law of the Sea, National Sovereignty, Exclusive Economic Zones,  Ocean-based shipping - Freedom of Passage.

***Dr. CRAIG ALLEN'S FRAMEWORK FOR OCEAN GOVERNANCE - Required reading for this session.

**UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA - Wikipedia as a resource. Excellent Discussion for Lay Person on UNCLOS in Wikipedia… with abundant references, maps and commentary about the fact that the US has still not signed the Treaty… Pay special attention to the evolution of the Law of the Sea - Where do you think it should go in the future?

FREEDOM OF THE SEAS (mare liberum) Today, the concept of "freedom of the seas" can be found in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea under Article 87(1) which states: "the high seas are open to all states, whether coastal or land-locked." Article 87(1) (a) to (f) gives a non-exhaustive list of freedoms including navigation, overflight, the laying of submarine cables, building artificial islands, fishing and scientific research.

**EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE - Definition of the EEZ for different countries...

Law of the Sea Introduction Slide Set from Dr. Craig Allen

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Thursday, Feb 28 Lecture 16- HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: Discovery, Research, Implications

Guest Lecturer: John A. Baross (UW Biological Oceanography)

***Floor Show, by John R. Delaney, New York Academy of Sciences, 1998, 6 pages.

Tuesday, Mar 5 - EXPONENTIAL FUTURES: TECHNOLOGY FOR TOMORROW’S OCEANS

Required:

• ‍TED Talk (2017) Garry Kasparov…Chess Grand Master - How he views the future of Machine Intelligence twenty years after losing one of two chess games to IBM's Big Blue Computer. Very insightful, very candid, and upbeat toward the future.
• BILL GATES: I DO NOT AGREE WITH ELON MUSK ABOUT A.I. "WE SHOULDN'T PANIC ABOUT IT" (2017) -- Elon Musk is increasingly out on his own with his doomsday predictions of a future where artificial intelligence threatens human existence. But Stephen Hawking is deeply concerned as well.... what is the issue?
• Soul of the Sea: In the Age of the Algorithm, Gregory Stone & Nishan Degnarain (2017). A brief synopsis by Medium. You all have physical copies of this book. We hope that you have been working your way through it these past weeks. Be prepared to discuss and pull themes from this material during our in-class discussion. If nothing else, be sure to read Chapter 5: Teetering on the Edge of the Next Industrial Revolution
• 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, Yuval N. Harari (2018). NYT review here. You can access the full text in a browser-only digital format through the UW Libraries. Follow this link, log in with your NetID, click "EBSCOhost ebooks (single user access). In the subsequent page, click "EPUB Full Text" in the left column and you will be able to browse through the entire text. Be sure to study the Table of Contents, read the Introduction, and then read a single chapter of your choosing.

Additional Resources:

• ‍Elon Musk,  What direction is the future headed?  (2017) -- Elon Musk discusses his new project digging tunnels under LA, the latest from Tesla and SpaceX and his motivation for building a future on Mars in conversation with TED's Head Curator, Chris Anderson.
• A 2020 VISION OF OCEAN SCIENCE (2009) - The cabled ocean observatory concept merges dramatic technological advancements in sensor technologies, robotic systems, high-speed communication, eco-genomics, and nanotechnology with ocean observatory infrastructure in ways that will substantially transform the approaches that scientists, educators, technologists, and policymakers take in interacting with the dynamic global ocean.

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Thursday, March 7 - THE DEEP SEA, OFF-PLANET OCEANS & THE SEARCH FOR LIFE [1]

The Three Most Fundamental Questions - Where have we come from? Where are we going? and, Are We Alone?   

Oceans in Our Solar System and Beyond:  Extraterrestrial Oceans - Can we go there? Should we go there? Europa, Enceladus, Titan, Triton,…. Ethical/Environmental Issues?  The Kepler Mission - and Alpha Centauri System, Trappist System.

No required readings, but be prepared to draw from Tuesday's material.

Optional Readings:

• Special Guest: John A. Baross. Professor Oceanography, University of Washington, focused on Origins of life on earth, and the potential for life beyond earth.  
• EARLY LIFE:  Meet Luca, The Ancestor of all living Things. - July 25, 2016
• Astrobiology – a New Synthesis (introductory chapter 1), John Baross and Chris Impey in C. Impey, J. Lunine and J. Funes [eds.] Frontiers of Astrobiology, Cambridge University Press (Sept. 2012)
• Stephan Hawking:  Why are we here? and Where did we come from?  
• Gustave Holst - "The Planets", Op. 32, is a seven-movement orchestral suite by the English composer Gustav Holst, written between 1914 and 1916. Each movement of the suite is named after a planet of the Solar System and its corresponding astrological character as defined by Holst. With the exception of Earth, which is not observed in astrological practice, all the planets are represented: 1. Mars, the Bringer of War (00:00 - 07:21) 2. Venus, the Bringer of Peace (07:22 - 15:59); 3. Mercury, the Winged Messenger (16:00 - 19:51); 4. Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity (19:52 - 27:49); 5. Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age (27:50 - 36:31); 6. Uranus, the Magician (36:32 - 42:14) 7. Neptune, the Mystic (42:15 - 49:01).
• Seven Alien 'Earths' Found Orbiting Nearby Star in Trappist System. Seven rocky planets orbiting a nearby star may be roughly the size of Earth and could even be right for water—and maybe life—to adorn their surfaces, researchers announced in Feb, 2017.

Tuesday, Mar 12 - FINAL PRESENTATIONS

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Thursday, Mar 14 - FINAL PRESENTATIONS

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Papers due TUESDAY MAR 19 by 11:59PM

Grades due - Mar 26 @ 5 pm

SPECIAL BONUS ITEM - MID MARCH OCEAN TECHNOLOGY ARTICLES

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PHILOSOPHY, ETHICS, STEWARDSHIP OF OCEAN WORLDS [4] Visitor Arthur Nowell

Lecture-Discussion: Ethics Discussion and Questions of Human-Ocean Stewardship: Climate Change, Pollution, Over-fishing, Sustaining the Dynamic Life-support System of a Planet 

• Special Guest: Arthur Nowell, Dean Emeritus, Professor, Oceanography, UW.Articles on Ethical Dilemmas Facing Humanity - Please read the four quite short, linked articles below and be prepared to discuss them in class.
• ***Developing an Ocean Ethic: Science, Utility, Aesthetics, Self-Interest, and Different Ways of KnowingPeter J. Auster et al., Conservation Biology, Volume 23, No. 1, 233–235 C 2008 Society for Conservation Biology  DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01057.x
• ***The Cape Town Statement on Geoethics endorsed by the ensemble of 17 organizations meeting in South Africa at the 35th gathering of the International Geological Congress, captures the concepts, values and views on the individual responsibilities of professional geoscientists (October 26, 2016).
• ***Code of Ethics from the Ecological Society of America - This code provides the guiding principles of conduct for all members of the ESA and all ecologists certified by the Society - as amended in 2013.
• ***Preliminary Notes to provide boundary conditions and terminology for A. Nowell's Ethics Dialogue in GO-HC Class, 2018please read through this set of guidance points for the discussion on Ethics for this week .  
• ***"Whales are People, Too"   A brief, thought-provoking paper suggested for reading by Arthur Nowell in anticipation of the dialogue this coming Wednesday (Feb 21) on Ethics and the Ocean.